The Eastern tradition has it that a bishop who is a heretic – apostate is thus de facto excluded from the Church and therefore cannot confer divine grace; consequently, the more so cannot he pass on the apostolic succession through episcopal consecration. Can Card. Husar who publicly preaches heresies validly consecrate new bishops and ordain new priests? Is such ordination or consecration valid? From the above-stated it follows that the consecration of bishops and ordination of many priests in the UGCC is dubious (Lat. dubius).